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Rice Cultivation and Processing
Rice is one of the prominent food of India. India has the largest area under rice cultivation. India is one of the leading producers of rice. Rice is the principal food crop in India. It is a dominant crop of the country. Being a rice crop is a tropical plant, it is a basic food crop of India.
Rice is also called the Kharif crop of India. It grows in a humid and hot climate. But it mainly grows in where it receives heavy rainfall areas. It requires 25 degree Celsius temperature and above and more than 100 cm of rainfall. In an area where receives very little rainfall in that it grows through irrigation. Rice grows on a variety of soils like silts, loams, and gravels. It can also tolerate alkaline as well as acid soils. In India 400 varieties of rice grown out of 10000.
Rice is the most significant food crop of India covering around one-fourth of the total cropped area and giving nourishment to about half of the portion to the Indian population.
Rice has been affected by pests and disease and hence to improve the efficiency and quality of rice lot of pesticides used for the pest-free crop. There are some pests that affect rice crops are Green Lifehopper, rice case worm, swarming caterpillar, etc.
Rice is developed under shifting conditions in India from 8° to 25° N scope and from ocean level to around 2,500-meter altitude. It is a tropical plant and requires high heat and humidity for its fruitful development. The temperature ought to be genuinely high at a mean month to month of 24°C. It requires 20°-22°C at the hour of planting, 23°-25°C during development and 25°-30°C at the harvesting time. The normal yearly rainfall required by rice is 150 cm.
Rice is a water concentrated harvest, it depends highly on groundwater for its development. It takes in a significant piece of water withdrawals worldwide for production. Farmers in India need to depend on the groundwater for the water system of rice, particularly remembering the expanding fluctuation of the monsoonal storm. This has brought about a serious lessening in groundwater holds in specific pieces of the nation. There is an urgent requirement for setting up legitimate water system strategies to guarantee higher efficiency while limiting the utilization of groundwater.
25/04/2020 Roja Samala
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